SARS-CoV-2 variants refer to mutations in the genetic material of the virus that causes COVID-19. These variants can lead to changes in the virus's behavior, such as increased transmissibility, severity of disease, or resistance to vaccines. Researchers study these variants to understand how they may impact the spread of the virus, effectiveness of treatments and vaccines, and public health measures. Studying SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for controlling the pandemic and developing strategies to combat the evolving virus.